【教师资格证-英语科三-高频考点】
考点·冠词
1.不定冠词的用法:
用在单数可数名词前,指一类人或事,相当于 a kind of (A plane is a machine that can fly.);表示“每一,一 ” 相当于 every/one ;用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事;用于
quite/rather/many/half/what/such 之后;用于 so (as, too, how)+形容词之后。
注意:a 和 an 的用法区别,“以元音音素开头的用 an,以辅音音素开头的用 a”。
2.定冠词的用法:
用于单数可数名词前,表示某一类人或物(The horse is a useful animal.);用于乐器前面;用于姓氏的复数前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇”;用于序数词和形容词、副词的比较级和最高级前。
3.零冠词的用法
名词前有 this/my/whose/some/no/each/every 等限制词;季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前;学科、语言、球类、棋类名词前;与 by 连用表示交通工具的名词前。
考点·词汇辨析
1. be used to, use to do 和 be used to doing 的区别
(1) used to do 表示“过去常常做某事”
I used to play football after school.过去我常常在放学后踢足球。
(2) be used to do 表示“被用来做某事”
This knife can be used to cut things.这把刀能够被用于切东西。
(3) be used to + doing 表示“习惯于……”,to 是介词,后需加名词或动名词。He is used to living in the country now.他现在习惯了住在农村。
2. spend, take, pay, cost 的区别
(1) spend 的主语通常是人,往往用于句型(sb.) spend some money/some time on sth. / (in) doing sth.
如:
He spent three days on the work. = He spent three days (in) doing the work.
(2) take 常用于“占用、花费”时间,其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物。句式是:It takes / took sb. some time to do sth = Sth. take(s) / took sb. some time. 如 :
It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses. The work took me two days.
(3) pay 为“付款、赔偿”之意,主语通常是人,往往是sb. pay some money for sth.或 pay sb. (some money for sth)。如:
He has paid the doctor 50 pounds for the medicine. How much did you pay him?
(4) cost 的主语必须是某物。句型是 sth. cost (sb.) some money。如: The dictionary cost me £ 20.
3. rise, arise, raise, arouse 的区别
rise, arise 是不及物动词;raise, arouse 是及物动词。
(1) rise (rose, risen) vi. 上升,升起,升高;上涨
说明主语自身移向较高位置,常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、温度、物价等,无被动语态。如: The moon has risen above the hills. 月亮已经从山上升起。
(2) arise (arose, arisen) vi.(问题,困难等)出现;发生,产生;主语一般为抽象名词,如problem, trouble, quarrel, difficulty, misunderstanding, disagreement。常用短语:arise from / out of sth.由……引起;因……产生。如:
They are talking about problems arising out of the lack of communication. 他们正在谈论由于缺乏交流而产生的问题。
(3) raise vt. 招募;养育,栽培;提高;举起;说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的,往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义。可用于被动语态。如:
招募:to raise an army养育、栽培:to raise a child 提高工资、租金:raise salaries/ the rent
举起手:raise one’s hand提出问题:raise a question
(4) arouse 意为“激起,唤醒;使……奋发”,可用于被动语态。如:
He was aroused from his sleep by the doorbell. 门铃声把他从睡眠中唤醒。